[Study on effectiveness of multicomponent exercise interventions for healthy aging].

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise (ME) in old adults, and provide reference for the promotion of healthy aging. Methods: Literature on ME intervention for old adults published until February 29, 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. After screening and evaluation, an umbrella review was conducted. Results: In total, 15 systematic reviews and Meta-analyzes (193 randomized controlled trials and 19 203 participants) were included. The umbrella review suggested that the average standardized mean difference ( SMD ) affecting physical function/health of ME was between 0.40 and 1.00, the average SMD affecting brain health was between -0.30 and 1.60, the average SMD affecting mood/mental health was between 0.01 and 0.20, and the average SMD affecting quality of life was between -0.20 and 0.40. Effects of ME on lower limb strength [mean difference ( MD )=1.1] and aerobic capacity ( MD =0.8) were better compared with general strength exercise and aerobic exercise respectively. Effects of ME on cognitive function ( MD =0.99) were better compared with strength exercise ( MD =0.84), aerobic exercise ( MD =0.77), and mind-body exercise ( MD =0.63). Effects of ME on executive function ( MD =0.72) were better compared with aerobic exercise ( MD =0.62), strength exercise ( MD =0.44), and mind-body exercise ( MD =0.36). Effects of ME on activity of daily living ( SMD =0.32) were better compared with strength exercise ( SMD =0.12). Conclusions: ME can clearly improve the physical function/health and brain health in old adults. The impact varies with different participants, exercise program designs, and assessment methods. However, its effect on mood/mental health and the quality of life still need further verification. ME might show better effects compared with general single component exercise (such as strength exercise, aerobic exercise) and mind-body exercise in improving lower limb strength, aerobic capacity, cognitive function, executive function, and activity of daily living in specific elderly populations. Given the impact of the quantity, quality and heterogeneity of the reviews included, the conclusions mentioned above still need validation in practice. 目的： 系统总结和分析多模式运动（ME）在老年人群中的干预效果，旨在为促进健康老龄化提供参考。 方法： 在Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Embase、EBSCO、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和维普网中检索各数据库起始时间至2024年2月29日发表的所有老年人ME干预的系统综述/Meta分析，经筛选、质量评估后进行伞形综述。 结果： 最终纳入15篇系统综述/Meta分析（包含193项随机对照试验和19 203名受试者），伞形综述结果显示，ME影响身体功能/健康的平均标准化平均差（ SMD ）在0.40~1.00之间，影响脑健康的平均 SMD 在-0.30~1.60之间，影响情绪/心理健康的平均 SMD 在0.01~0.20之间，影响生活质量的平均 SMD 在-0.20~0.40之间。ME对下肢力量［平均差（ MD ）=1.1］和有氧能力（ MD =0.8）的改善效果分别优于一般力量训练和有氧训练，ME对认知功能的改善效果（ MD =0.99）优于力量训练（ MD =0.84）、有氧训练（ MD =0.77）和身心运动（ MD =0.63），ME对执行功能的改善效果（ MD =0.72）优于有氧训练（ MD =0.62）、力量训练（ MD =0.44）和身心运动（ MD =0.36），ME对日常生活能力的改善效果（ SMD =0.32）优于力量训练（ SMD =0.12）。 结论： ME对于老年人的身体功能/健康和脑健康的改善效果较为明确，但效果会受研究对象自身、运动方案设计以及结局指标评价方法异质性的影响，而对情绪/心理健康和生活质量的改善效果仍有待验证；与其他单一训练类型（如力量、有氧）以及身心运动相比，ME在部分老年群体的下肢力量、有氧能力、认知功能、执行功能和日常生活能力的干预效果上可能会更具优势。考虑到纳入文献的数量、质量和异质性的影响，以上结论仍待实证检验。.