Topic

Sleep, energy and the brain

The 105 studies that carry the evidence on this topic, ordered by weight: the stronger the evidence and the more the study was built on, the higher it stands.

all levels level 5 · 105 level 4 · 74 level 3 · 21

5 Repeated evidence Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
2022 · Lancet (London, England) · 950 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence Components and Delivery Formats of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Component Network Meta-Analysis.
2024 · JAMA psychiatry · 452 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2023 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence The effects of physical activity on cortisol and sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Psychoneuroendocrinology
5 Repeated evidence Global prevalence of poor sleep quality in military personnel and veterans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
2026 · Sleep medicine reviews · 28,100 participants
5 Repeated evidence Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis.
2024 · Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders
5 Repeated evidence The Relationship of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Prospective Cohort Studies of Supplementation, Dietary Intake, and Blood Markers.
2023 · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 103,651 participants
5 Repeated evidence The relationship between sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment in mood disorders: A systematic review.
2023 · Journal of affective disorders · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
2021 · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
5 Repeated evidence Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.
2021 · Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publica · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence The best approaches and doses of exercise for improving sleep quality: a network meta-analysis and dose-response relationship study.
2025 · BMC public health · 7,276 participants
5 Repeated evidence Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
2024 · Journal of pineal research · 26 participants
5 Repeated evidence Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials.
2018 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence B vitamins and prevention of cognitive decline and incident dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Nutrition reviews · 46,175 participants
5 Repeated evidence The effects of light therapy on sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2018 · Sleep medicine reviews · 1,154 participants
5 Repeated evidence The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease.
2022 · Ageing research reviews
5 Repeated evidence Effects of different types of exercise on sleep quality based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in middle-aged and older adults: a network meta-analysis.
2024 · Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publica · 3,460 participants
5 Repeated evidence Brain stimulation techniques as novel treatment options for insomnia: A systematic review.
2023 · Journal of sleep research · 967 participants
5 Repeated evidence The effects of L-theanine consumption on sleep outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2025 · Sleep medicine reviews · 897 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in improving sleep quality after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2024 · Journal of clinical nursing · 1,701 participants
5 Repeated evidence Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Comorbid With Psychiatric and Medical Conditions: A Meta-analysis.
2015 · JAMA internal medicine
5 Repeated evidence The effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on glycaemic measures in adults with sleep disturbances and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2025 · Diabetes & vascular disease research · 2,044 participants
5 Repeated evidence Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
2023 · Nutrition reviews
5 Repeated evidence Multidimensional sleep health and diabetic retinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
2024 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life.
2019 · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 83,000 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on objective sleep parameters: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
2020 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy of melatonin for chronic insomnia: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
2022 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2021 · Sports health
5 Repeated evidence Herbal Remedies and Their Possible Effect on the GABAergic System and Sleep.
2021 · Nutrients
5 Repeated evidence Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
2021 · Nutrients
5 Repeated evidence How Do We Improve Sleep Quality After Total Joint Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
2025 · The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · 840 participants
5 Repeated evidence Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia.
2020 · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 323 participants
5 Repeated evidence Impact of physical therapy techniques and common interventions on sleep quality in patients with chronic pain: A systematic review.
2024 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Approaches to the assessment of adherence to CBT-I, predictors of adherence, and the association of adherence to outcomes: A systematic review.
2022 · Sleep medicine reviews · 102 participants
5 Repeated evidence The Herbal Medicine Suanzaoren ( Ziziphi Spinosae Semen ) for Sleep Quality Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2023 · Integrative cancer therapies · 785 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence Effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on motor memory encoding and consolidation: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
2021 · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 862 participants
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy and safety of Z-substances in the management of insomnia in older adults: a systematic review for the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing.
2022 · BMC geriatrics
5 Repeated evidence Biological rhythms in premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a systematic review.
2024 · BMC women's health
5 Repeated evidence Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2021 · PloS one · 400 participants
5 Repeated evidence Does cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia reduce repetitive negative thinking and sleep-related worry beliefs? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2021 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Relationship of sleep quality, BMI, Dietary, and socioeconomic attributes among young adults: A systematic review.
2026 · Journal of health psychology
5 Repeated evidence A systematic review on whole-body photobiomodulation for exercise performance and recovery.
2025 · Lasers in medical science
5 Repeated evidence Association of Second-generation Antiandrogens With Cognitive and Functional Toxic Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2023 · JAMA oncology · 524 participants
5 Repeated evidence A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between young adults' sleep habits and substance use, with a focus on self-medication behaviours.
2023 · Sleep medicine reviews · 46 participants
5 Repeated evidence The effects of different types of exercises on cognition in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2024 · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics
5 Repeated evidence Effects of exercise by type and duration on quality of life in patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
2023 · Journal of sport and health science · 2,558 participants
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy of lifestyle and psychosocial interventions in reducing cognitive decline in older people: Systematic review.
2020 · Ageing research reviews · 64 participants
5 Repeated evidence Which Interventions Are Effective in Treating Sleep Disturbances After THA or TKA? A Systematic Review.
2025 · Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2,469 participants
5 Repeated evidence A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction.
2020 · Phytotherapy research : PTR
5 Repeated evidence A network meta-analysis of the long- and short-term efficacy of sleep medicines in adults and older adults.
2022 · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 25,923 participants
5 Repeated evidence Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
2021 · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
5 Repeated evidence Insomnia evaluation and treatment during peripartum: a joint position paper from the European Insomnia Network task force "Sleep and Women," the Italian Marcè Society and international experts task force for perinatal mental health.
2022 · Archives of women's mental health
5 Repeated evidence Different regimens of menopausal hormone therapy for improving sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 15 participants
5 Repeated evidence How does sleep restriction therapy for insomnia work? A systematic review of mechanistic evidence and the introduction of the Triple-R model.
2019 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.
2021 · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
5 Repeated evidence The Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Insomnia Drugs: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 153 Randomized Trials.
2023 · Drugs · 46,412 participants
5 Repeated evidence Effects of melatonin on postoperative sleep quality: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.
2023 · Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthe · 516 participants
5 Repeated evidence Effects of Dietary Supplementation in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
2024 · Nutrients · 482 participants
5 Repeated evidence Cognitive benefits of music in aerobic exercise: Evidence from a Bayesian network meta-analysis in adults with mild cognitive impairment.
2025 · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2,048 participants
5 Repeated evidence Telemedicine and insomnia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Sleep medicine
5 Repeated evidence Light Therapy to Improve Sleep Quality in Older Adults Living in Residential Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review.
2023 · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
5 Repeated evidence Effect of exercise interventions for sleep quality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2023 · International urology and nephrology · 989 participants
5 Repeated evidence The effectiveness of the behavioural components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in older adults: A systematic review.
2023 · Journal of sleep research
5 Repeated evidence Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Fatigue, Motor Function and Cognition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
2024 · Biological research for nursing
5 Repeated evidence The use of prolonged-release melatonin in circadian medicine: a systematic review.
2024 · Minerva medica
5 Repeated evidence The effect of single-component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2024 · Journal of sleep research · 1,102 participants
5 Repeated evidence Physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for adults with insomnia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 295 participants
5 Repeated evidence The Impact of Dietary Factors on the Sleep of Athletically Trained Populations: A Systematic Review.
2022 · Nutrients · 16 participants
5 Repeated evidence Challenging beliefs for quality sleep: A systematic review of maladaptive sleep beliefs and treatment outcomes following cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.
2023 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepine and non-Z-drug hypnotic medication for insomnia in older people: a systematic literature review.
2020 · European journal of clinical pharmacology · 10 participants
5 Repeated evidence How are Consumer Sleep Technology Data Being Used to Deliver Behavioral Sleep Medicine Interventions? A Systematic Review.
2022 · Behavioral sleep medicine · 10 participants
5 Repeated evidence The Impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions on Sleep Disturbance in Depressed and Anxious Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review.
2022 · Behavioral sleep medicine
5 Repeated evidence The effects of nonpharmacological sleep hygiene on sleep quality in nonelderly individuals: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
2024 · PloS one
5 Repeated evidence Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Caffeine in Fatigued Shift Workers: Implications for Emergency Medical Services Personnel.
2019 · Prehospital emergency care
5 Repeated evidence Interventions for Migraine and Sleep: A Systematic Review Exploring Their Bidirectional Association.
2026 · European journal of neurology · 1,941 participants
5 Repeated evidence A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Footbath Effects and Optimal Procedures to Improve Sleep in Older Adults.
2025 · Scandinavian journal of caring sciences
5 Repeated evidence A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Medications Used in Older People for the Treatment of Primary insomnia.
2021 · The Senior care pharmacist
5 Repeated evidence Does cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia improve cognitive performance? A systematic review and narrative synthesis.
2018 · Sleep medicine reviews · 4 participants
5 Repeated evidence What works for jetlag? A systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions.
2019 · Sleep medicine reviews
5 Repeated evidence Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mood and Insomnia in Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review.
2021 · Alzheimer disease and associated disorders
5 Repeated evidence Paradoxical intention for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2022 · Journal of sleep research
5 Repeated evidence Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Optimizing Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.
2021 · Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York,
5 Repeated evidence Exploring Clinical Trials to Manage Firefighters' Sleep Quality: A PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review.
2023 · International journal of environmental research and public h
5 Repeated evidence Effectiveness of Light Therapy in Cognitively Impaired Persons: A Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
2017 · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
5 Repeated evidence Optimising sleep and performance during night float: A systematic review of evidence and implications for graduate medical education trainees.
2021 · Journal of sleep research · 179 participants
5 Repeated evidence Italian Association of Sleep Medicine (AIMS) position statement and guideline on the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders.
2019 · Maturitas
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy and acceptability of blue-wavelength light therapy for post-TBI behavioral symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
2022 · PloS one · 278 participants
5 Repeated evidence Mental Fatigue and Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Including GRADE Qualification.
2026 · European journal of sport science · 205 participants
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy of different exercise interventions on cognitive function in adults with major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses.
2026 · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
5 Repeated evidence Efficacy of Yoga Nidra in Managing Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
2026 · Journal of integrative and complementary medicine · 244 participants
5 Repeated evidence Effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on the Mental Health of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
2026 · Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Socie
5 Repeated evidence Trends in the use of Baduanjin for improving sleep quality: a visual analysis.
2026 · Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
5 Repeated evidence Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
2026 · Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 1,055 participants · manufacturer helped fund this
5 Repeated evidence Sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: which exercise therapy is the most effective? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 31 RCTs.
2025 · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Soc
5 Repeated evidence A systematic review of sleep hygiene interventions in physically and operationally demanding occupations.
2026 · Sleep medicine reviews · 7 participants
5 Repeated evidence Menopause and movement: exercise for better sleep and psychological well-being-a systematic review.
2025 · Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
5 Repeated evidence Comparative Efficacy of Different Aquatic Exercise Modalities on Cognitive Function in The Elderly: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
2026 · Journal of sports science & medicine · 324 participants
5 Repeated evidence The effect of internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy on sleep quality and insomnia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2026 · Scientific reports
5 Repeated evidence The impact of mind-body and aerobic exercises on subjective and objective sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
2026 · Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)
5 Repeated evidence Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for chronic insomnia in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2026 · Sleep medicine
5 Repeated evidence Sleep program efficacy across gender and racial/ethnic groups: A content review and meta-analysis.
2025 · Sleep medicine reviews · 599 participants
5 Repeated evidence What is the most effective non-pharmacological treatment for poor sleep quality in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? a systematic review.
2026 · Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 783 participants
5 Repeated evidence Caffeine and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia: A systematic review.
2020 · Experimental gerontology
5 Repeated evidence Insomnia in the elderly.
2016 · BMJ clinical evidence
5 Repeated evidence Interventions to improve sleep for individuals with Angelman syndrome: A systematic review.
2020 · Research in developmental disabilities · 54 participants